細(xì)節(jié)題 (detail questions) 考查考生對(duì)托福聽力對(duì)話或講座重要細(xì)節(jié)的理解。50%的托福聽力題是細(xì)節(jié)題。每一個(gè)托福對(duì)話或講座都至少會(huì)出2~3到細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查與對(duì)話或講座主旨相關(guān)的重要細(xì)節(jié)。

　　例如：重要概念的定義或解釋，事物、現(xiàn)象或理論的特點(diǎn)，以及教授講解時(shí)所列舉的重要例子等等。

　　細(xì)節(jié)題常見的問題形式

　　1. What is X?

　　2. Which of the area does the picture illustrate?

　　3. According to the professor, what is one way that X can affect Y?

　　4. According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?

　　5. Why does the university do X?

　　6. What resulted from the invention of the X?

　　7. Why does the professor mention...?

　　做題技巧

　　無論是托福聽力對(duì)話還是講座，做細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵都是做好聽力筆記，根據(jù)筆記做題。細(xì)節(jié)題更是極其依賴聽力筆記的題型。細(xì)節(jié)題只考查重要細(xì)節(jié)，通常是與主旨相關(guān)的，不會(huì)考到很細(xì)小的細(xì)節(jié)。總之，需要關(guān)注概念解釋、事物特征、比較、例子、因果轉(zhuǎn)折后和強(qiáng)調(diào)后的內(nèi)容，做好筆記。如果筆記做的不是很好，無法確定正確選項(xiàng)，就選擇一個(gè)會(huì)話或講座主題的選項(xiàng)。

　　引出答案的信號(hào)詞和信號(hào)句

　　1. 當(dāng)教授用5W-H ( what, who, when, where, why, how)自問自答時(shí)，回答常常是細(xì)節(jié)題的答案。

　　2. 下定義或解釋概念

　　That is why they are called...

　　Basically, what this says...

　　The general definition is...

　　... is know/defined as...

　　The term means...

　　3. 表建議

　　Why not/ Why don’t you...

　　You should...

　　What about/ How about...

　　You’d better...

　　I suggest / recommend...

　　Have you tried...

　　4. 表特征　

　　The main feature(s)/ character(s)/ characteristic(s)/ is/ are...

　　Concerning X’s appearance...

　　X is made up of ...

　　They can.../ They can be used ...

　　5. 表轉(zhuǎn)折

　　but, however, in fact,

　　actually, yet, while, unless...

　　6. 表強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　remember, keep in mind,

　　be sure to note that...,

　　pay special attention to...

　　7. 表舉例

　　for example, for instance,

　　to exemplify, to illustrate,

　　let’s consider the case of...

　　8. 表因果

　　because (of), since,

　　due to, as a result of,

　　resulting from, that is why...

　　做題步驟

　　1. 查看筆記，要注意按照筆記所記細(xì)節(jié)的順序找答案的位置，因?yàn)橥懈Ｂ犃Φ某鲱}順序一般與錄音順序一致，即與筆記順序一致。

　　2. 分析選項(xiàng)：將選項(xiàng)與筆記進(jìn)行比較，通常答案都是筆記內(nèi)容的同義替換。

　　3. 確定答案

　　Tips 正確選項(xiàng) VS 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)

　　正確：

　　1. 原文中對(duì)該專業(yè)詞匯的正確解釋

　　2. 原文重要細(xì)節(jié)的同義詞替換

　　錯(cuò)誤：

　　1. 雖然重復(fù)聽力原文的原詞，但偷換概念

　　2. 錯(cuò)誤信息或是另外一題的信息

　　3. 文中根本就沒有提到的信息

　　4. 不符合常識(shí)的答案

　　5. 用主旨題的信息答細(xì)節(jié)題

　　舉個(gè)栗子：

　　Male Student: Oh, I see what you mean. Umm, is that that stuff about “hopping genes,” or something like that?

　　Female Student: Right. Although actually they’re called “jumping genes,” not “hopping genes.”

　　Male Student: Oh, OK. Jumping genes.

　　Female Student: Yeah, but they have another name, too, that I can’t think of. Umm... let me see if I can find it here in the book...

　　Male Student: I thank it’s probably on...

　　Female Student: Oh, OK. Here it is. Transposons. That’s what they’re called.

　　Male Student: Let me see. OK. Trans-po-sons, trans-posons. So“transposons” is another name for a jumping gene?

　　Female Student: Right. And these transposons are, you know, like, little bits od DNA that are able to move form one cell to another. That’s why they’re called “jumping genes.” They kind of, you know, “jump” from one cell to another.

　　Male Student: OK

　　According to the conversation, why are transposons sometimes called“jumping genes”?

　　A. They are able to move form one bacteria cell to another.

　　B. They are found in people with exceptional jumping ability.

　　C. They occur in every other generation of bacteria.

　　D. Their movements are rapid and unpredictable.

　　這是一道典型的考概念解釋的細(xì)節(jié)題。問的是為什么 “transposons” 有時(shí)候也被叫做 “jumping genes”。

　　首先，對(duì)話里多次出現(xiàn)表示概念定義的信號(hào)詞 “is called”, “name”，因此容易出概念解釋方面的細(xì)節(jié)題。信號(hào)句后出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)概念 “jumping genes” 和“transposons” 及概念的解釋 “And these transposons ... are able to move form one cell to another. ”

　　其次出現(xiàn)了原因信號(hào)詞 “That’s why”，信號(hào)詞后是重點(diǎn)：“ ‘jump’ from one cell to another”。同義詞替換后得出正確選項(xiàng)為：“They are able to move form one bacteria cell to another”。

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