2018年03月03日　雅思大作文題目

　　“In many countries, prison is the most common solution to the problem of crime. However, another effective way is to provide people with better education so that they can not become criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”

　　本題是2012年5月12日的原題重現(xiàn)。如果說2017年雅思寫作考試對2014年情有獨(dú)鐘，2018年似乎返祖現(xiàn)象更為嚴(yán)重，已經(jīng)考過的很多場都是在重復(fù)2013年甚至更早的原題，這給我們的復(fù)習(xí)備考帶來了一定的難度。

　　但萬變不離其宗，我們備考雅思寫作，首先是要清楚其要求，然后按照要求去逐步落實(shí)，而不是把全部希望寄托在押題上。

　　本次考試是關(guān)于犯罪話題，這也是雅思考試每年都會出現(xiàn)幾次的題材?？偨Y(jié)了一下近幾年雅思作文中關(guān)于犯罪的話題，列舉如下：

　　Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a robbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree? （2015/4/25；2015/6/18; 2013/11/9）青少年犯罪是否該受到與成年人一樣的懲罰？（出現(xiàn)3次）

　　Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree? (2015/8/8) 請改造過后的犯人給學(xué)生講犯罪的危害，可否？

　　People are afraid to leave their homes for fear of crimes. Some people believe that more action should be taken to prevent crimes while others think that little could be done. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. (2015/8/29; 2012/11/3) 我們已經(jīng)沒有辦法阻止犯罪嗎？（出現(xiàn)2次）

　　Children are committing more crimes. What are the causes? How to punish them? (2014/8/2; 2010/8/5) 兒童犯罪增多的原因，怎樣處罰他們？（出現(xiàn)2次）

　　Some think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Other believe that most crime is caused by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(2014/11/8) 犯罪的原因到底是社會原因還是人性原因？

　　In most countries,prison is an effective solution to the problem of crime. Some people think it is a more effective solution to provide education for those who violate the law. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2012/5/12) 還有比監(jiān)獄更好的辦法來解決犯罪問題嗎？

　　A recent newspaper article report that a 14 years old boy who seriously destroyed his school got a punishment to clean streets instead of being sent to the prison, Do you think this is right, or the young criminals should be sent to the jail? (2016/1/14) 青少年損壞公物后被罰掃街，這種處罰合適嗎？

　　回到本次題目，大家首先要弄清楚，題目要求我們討論的觀點(diǎn)是什么。這里，提出了解決犯罪問題的兩個措施，一是監(jiān)獄，二是教育，問的是教育是不是有效，或者教育是不是比監(jiān)獄更有效。

　　很明顯，監(jiān)獄和教育都是解決犯罪問題的辦法，而且很難比較哪個更有效，但兩者在解決犯罪問題時所起的功能還是不同的：監(jiān)獄更多的是一種補(bǔ)救和威懾，而教育則是預(yù)防。

　　因此，本題就可以沿著這個思路，去論證監(jiān)獄如何起到一種補(bǔ)救和威懾的作用，而教育如何可以預(yù)防人們犯罪。

　　老師筆記      

　　01

　　In many parts of the world, people who haveviolated the law are put into prison, which is a very effective way of preventing them committing more crimes. However, many experts believe that better education is probably an even more effective way ofaddressing the problem of crime. I would suggest that both prison and education are important and each plays a different role in crime control.

　　在世界上許多地方，觸犯法律的人被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，這是防止他們犯下更多罪行的非常有效的方法。然而，許多專家認(rèn)為，更好的教育可能是解決犯罪問題的一種更有效的方法。我認(rèn)為，監(jiān)獄和教育都很重要，在控制犯罪方面發(fā)揮著不同的作用。

　　解析

　　（1）本段是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的雅思作文開頭段：第一、二句引入話題并陳述兩方觀點(diǎn)（許多國家都把犯人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，但專家們指出教育對犯罪控制來說更有效），第三句表明自己的觀點(diǎn)（兩者都重要，但兩者扮演不同功能）。

　　大家可以思考一下這個問題：雅思考試題目中如果給出兩個不同觀點(diǎn)，那么這兩個觀點(diǎn)之間可能存在哪些關(guān)系？是排斥、互補(bǔ)，還是適用于不同場合，扮演不同功能？

　　（2）violate the law 犯法 （=break the law; commit crime）, law breaker, law violator就是“犯人”的意思，相當(dāng)于criminal。關(guān)于“犯罪”的表達(dá)，本文還用了一個變通的表達(dá)：do harm to the society and other individuals（第二段末尾），這是為了避免表達(dá)重復(fù)。

　?。?）address 此處當(dāng)然不是“地址”，作為動詞，該詞的意思是“解決”（問題），相當(dāng)于deal with, cope with之類。

　　02

　　Prison is certainly a place where criminals can be made to understand what wrong they have done to other people and why what they have done before is not socially acceptable. In this way, these criminals will have a better chance to come back to normal life. On top of the remedial function, prison can serve as a deterrent for those with aninclination to crime. The likelihood of losing freedom in prison can most effectively stop them from doing harms to the society and other individuals.

　　監(jiān)獄當(dāng)然可以讓罪犯了解他們對別人做了什么錯事，以及他們以前做過的事為什么在社會上是不能接受的。這樣，這些罪犯將有更好的機(jī)會回到正常的生活。除了補(bǔ)救功能外，監(jiān)獄還可以對那些有犯罪傾向的人起到威懾作用。在監(jiān)獄里失去自由的可能性能最有效地阻止他們對社會和其他個人造成傷害。

　　解析

　?。?）本段論證監(jiān)獄的作用，關(guān)鍵詞是remedial function（補(bǔ)救功能）和deterrent function（威懾功能）。本段共4句，每個功能均用2句論證。

　?。?）come back to normal life 回到正常生活

　　（3）on top of... 除了......（=besides; in addition to)

　?。?）remedial 補(bǔ)救的

　?。?）deterrent 威懾（的），震懾（的）

　?。?）inclination 傾向

　?。?）likelihood 可能性

　　03

　　Better education can also bring down the overallcrime rate in any community, and it is the most desirable preventive measure against crime. To start with, education improves people’s moral standards which enable them to tell right from wrong so that they will build a robust inner wall against any antisocial behaviors. More importantly, people with better education are always able to find a satisfying career that will reward them with adecent life, and they will never think of committing any crime.

　　更好的教育也可以降低任何社會的整體犯罪率，這是預(yù)防犯罪的最理想措施。首先，教育提高了人們的道德水平，使他們能夠分辨是非，從而在心里建立起高墻，抵御做任何反社會行為。更重要的是，受過良好教育的人總是能找到滿意的事業(yè)，這份事業(yè)會讓他們過上體面的生活，讓他們永遠(yuǎn)都不會想到犯罪。

　　解析

　?。?）本段討論教育對控制犯罪的作用，關(guān)鍵詞是“moral standard”（道德水平）和 “decent life”（體面的生活），教育能夠提高人的道德水平，帶來體面的生活，這樣人們就不太可能去犯罪了。

　?。?）bring down 降低（=reduce）

　?。?）crime rate 犯罪率

　?。?）preventive measures 預(yù)防性的措施

　　（5）moral standards 道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　?。?）antisocial behavior 反社會行為（=crime）

　　（7）robust 牢固的

　?。?）reward 回報（n.& v.)

　?。?）decent 體面的

　　04

　　In conclusion, prison with its remedial and deterrent function and education with its preventive function are both needed in order to make this world a safer place for all of us to live in.

　　總之，具有補(bǔ)救和威懾作用的監(jiān)獄和具有預(yù)防功能的教育都是很需要的，讓這個世界變得更加安全。

　　解析

　?。?）本段總結(jié)。

　　（2）to make this world a safer place其實(shí)也是“降低犯罪率”的另一種表達(dá)。

　　本場考試范文      

　　In many parts of the world, people who have violated the law are put into prison, which is a very effective way of preventing them committing more crimes. However, many experts believe that better education is probably an even more effective way of addressing the problem of crime. I would suggest that both prison and education are important and each plays a different role in crime control.

　　Prison is certainly a place where criminals can be made to understand what wrong they have done to other people and why what they have done before is not socially acceptable. In this way, these criminals will have a better chance to come back to normal life. On top of the remedial function, prison can serve as a deterrent for those with an inclination to crime. The likelihood of losing freedom in prison can most effectively stop them from doing harms to the society and other individuals.

　　Better education can also bring down the overall crime rate in any community, and it is the most desirable preventive measure against crime. To start with, education improves people’s moral standards which enable them to tell right from wrong so that they will build a robust inner wall against any antisocial behaviors. More importantly, people with better education are always able to find a satisfying career that will reward them with a decent life, and they will never think of committing any crime.

　　In conclusion, prison with its remedial and deterrent function and education with its preventive function are both needed in order to make this world a safer place for all of us to live in.（273 words）

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