一． 回顧全文+觀點(diǎn)+展望：

這種結(jié)尾方式比較適合于雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)的作文，在這種寫法中，我們要注意的是結(jié)尾段由三個(gè)要素組成，其中第2個(gè)要素是必須的 ，但是句子的數(shù)量可以是3句也可以是2句甚至1個(gè)句子。首先我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：

I agree that we need to make sure that animals that are used for testing new products have the minimum of suffering. However, I am convinced that animal testing is necessary, and that it will continue to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways.

上面這個(gè)例句中，作者將自己的觀點(diǎn)隱藏在了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句之后，起到了一個(gè)欲揚(yáng)先抑的效果。但是這種效果必須搭配一個(gè)展望未來(lái)才能起到渲染的效果。我們來(lái)對(duì)比另外一個(gè)例子：

In conclusion, physical punishment can be a useful method of discipline. However, it should be the last choice for parents. If we want to build a world with less violence we must begin at home, and we must teach our children to be responsible.

大家不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，2個(gè)句子都使用了相似的銜接方式，即首句委婉地回顧全文，將觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)立面用"讓步"的方式表達(dá)出來(lái)，同時(shí)也是對(duì)于主體段觀點(diǎn)的回顧。然后再是用轉(zhuǎn)折闡述自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。最后再用一個(gè)對(duì)于未來(lái)的期望來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。朗閣海外考試研究中心分析認(rèn)為，這種順序安排的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于對(duì)于文章的主體有很好的總結(jié)，但同時(shí)觀點(diǎn)又是非常鮮明有力的，加上對(duì)于未來(lái)的潤(rùn)色，使得表達(dá)更流暢。用同樣的方法，我們?cè)賮?lái)看第三個(gè)例句：

To sum up, although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education, I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability.

和前2個(gè)結(jié)尾不同，第三個(gè)結(jié)尾盡管也是先回顧了全文，但是它將作者的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)未來(lái)的期望寫在了一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句里。如此就給出了我們?cè)跇?gòu)造"展望未來(lái)"時(shí)的一個(gè)思路，即搭配條件狀語(yǔ)從句或者介賓短語(yǔ)跟在觀點(diǎn)句之后。此種結(jié)尾發(fā)展方式同樣適用于分析解決型大作文的結(jié)尾段布局，比如：

All in all, although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to weaken the hold of drugs on society. The danger from drugs is too great to ignore.

對(duì)于毒品對(duì)社會(huì)的危害，作者先是承認(rèn)現(xiàn)狀的無(wú)法改變，進(jìn)而樂(lè)觀地闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn)即采取了切實(shí)有效的行動(dòng)后可以減弱其危害。最后用毒品的危害性來(lái)對(duì)未來(lái)作展望。換句話說(shuō)，在社會(huì)類分析解決型議論文中，我們?cè)谡雇磥?lái)時(shí)可以考慮用強(qiáng)調(diào)其長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的影響作為突破口。又如：

In short, there are several things that the government can do to allow more people to finish school. However, a number of society attitudes also have to change if the country's people are to achieve their full potential.

這個(gè)結(jié)尾的題目是討論輟學(xué)這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題和解決方案的。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)使用前面提到的條件狀語(yǔ)從句也可以作為這類題材結(jié)尾的重要句型。

二． 觀點(diǎn)+展望 ：

第2種結(jié)尾的思路即將回顧全文部分省略，直接表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和意圖。這種結(jié)尾方式比較適合于純單邊支持的作文，以下我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子：

It is obvious difficult to restrict the movement of people around the world and it is probably foolish to try to stop it. But attempts should be made to redress the imbalance.

關(guān)于人才流失的話題，作者在結(jié)尾一上來(lái)就表達(dá)了自己的立場(chǎng)，即無(wú)法阻止這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。但是進(jìn)而又對(duì)改變這個(gè)狀況做了期待。我們來(lái)對(duì)比另外一個(gè)例子：

All in all, the problem of world poverty cannot be solved by money alone. Nations need to work together on long-term projects, sharing their knowledge and skills so that each person has something valuable to offer their community.

上海朗閣校長(zhǎng)沈彥建議，在分析解決型題材的結(jié)尾中也可以采用這種2要素的結(jié)尾方式，如果最后所剩時(shí)間不是很充分的前提下，省略對(duì)全文的回顧而直接表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)也是一種明智的決定。

To conclude, it is clear that although numbers of women in the workforce have increased, they are still disadvantaged because they generally put the welfare of others, particularly the family, above financial ambition or promotion.

上面例子中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)展望未來(lái)這個(gè)部分，也可以寫成解釋原因，因?yàn)椴皇敲總€(gè)題目到最后都能想出一個(gè)合適的未來(lái)讓你展望的，那么這個(gè)時(shí)候我們不妨把思路切換成對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的原因解釋，也未嘗不是一個(gè)好主意。我們?cè)賮?lái)看看這個(gè)例子：

To sum up, the richer nations have helped a lot by providing money for poor countries and poorer countries need to not only spend the money for daily use, but also put more money on economic developments, human resource improvements and education advancements, because only by doing so can they change their poor situations.