倒裝分為部分倒裝和完全倒裝。部分倒裝指的是部分謂語，尤其是助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等，放在了主語的前面。一般含有否定意義的詞，例如，little、never、not、not only、no、hardly、rarely、seldom、nor，或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況，會(huì)被放在句首, 并把那些助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等同時(shí)補(bǔ)充或提前，產(chǎn)生部分倒裝。

例 1.

　　Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained,he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent.

　　【解析】

　　該句中因?yàn)殚_始出現(xiàn)了否定意義上的詞組 not only，且出現(xiàn)了助動(dòng)詞 could 在主語 Smith 之前的位置。故為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【處理】

　　直接還原為正常的語序，然后理解就好。該句還原為：Smith could not only identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments,while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent。

例 2.

　　Not until the eighteenth century, however, did such banks as the Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of England begin to provide capital for business investment.

　　【解析】

　　該句中因?yàn)殚_始出現(xiàn)了否定意義上的詞組 Not until the eighteenth century，且出現(xiàn)了助動(dòng)詞 did 在主語 such banks 之前的位置。故為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【處理】

　　直接還原為正常的語序，然后理解就好。該句還原為：Not until the eighteenth century, however, such banks as the Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of England began to provide capital for business investment。

例 3.

　　So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images.

　　【解析】

　　該句中因?yàn)殚_始出現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)調(diào)意義上的詞組 So ordinary and routine(so?that?結(jié)構(gòu))，且出現(xiàn)了助動(dòng)詞 has 在主語 this 之前的位置。故為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【處理】

　　直接還原為正常的語序，然后理解就好。該句還原為：This has become so ordinary and routine to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images。

　　3.3.2 完全倒裝

　　完全倒裝指的是整個(gè)謂語部分放在主語之前，尤其是要強(qiáng)調(diào)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞或短語，例如，now、then、here、there、in the center 等。

例 1.

　　The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region’s water supplies.

　　【解析】

　　該句中因?yàn)殚_始出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間意義上的詞組 in the process，且所有的謂語 in the process are drawing down 在主語 the entire region’s water supplies 之前的位置。故為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【處理】

　　直接還原為正常的語序，然后理解就好。該句還原為：The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and the entire region’s water supplies are drawing down in the process.

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